Hui people

Hui people
Hui people
Chinese	回族
Literal meaning	Hui ethnicity
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Huízú
Bopomofo	ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄗㄨˊ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Hweitzwu
Wade–Giles	Hui²-tsu²
Tongyong Pinyin	Hueí-zú
IPA	[xwěɪ.tsǔ]
other Mandarin
Xiao'erjing	خُوِزُو
Dungan	Хуэйзў
Wu
Romanization	we zoh
Hakka
Romanization	Fui-tshuk
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	wuìh juhk
Jyutping	wui4 zuk6
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ	Hôe-cok
Teochew Peng'im	Huê-tsôk
Eastern Min
Fuzhou BUC	Huòi-cŭk

Hui people
回族; خُوِزُو
Total population
	11,377,914 (2020)
Regions with significant populations
	China, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Russia, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Canada, United States
Languages
	Predominantly Mandarin Chinese and other Sinitic languages
Religion
	Predominantly Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
	Bai • Han Chinese; Other Sino-Tibetan peoples

The Hui people (Chinese: 回族; pinyin: Huízú; Wade–Giles: Hui²-tsu², Xiao'erjing: خُوِزُو, Dungan: Хуэйзў, Xuejzw) are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Chinese-speaking adherents of Islam. They are distributed throughout China, mainly in the northwestern provinces and in the Zhongyuan region. According to the 2010 census, China is home to approximately 10.5 million Hui people. Outside China, the 170,000 Dungan people of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, Panthays in Myanmar, Hui Chin Haws in Thailand are also considered part of the Hui ethnicity.

The Hui have a distinct connection with Islamic culture.^[4] For example, they follow Islamic dietary laws and reject the consumption of pork, the most commonly consumed meat in China,^[5] and have therefore developed their own variation of Chinese cuisine. They also have a traditional dress code, with some men wearing white caps (taqiyah) and some women wearing headscarves, as is the case in many Islamic cultures.

The Hui people are one of the 56 ethnic groups recognized by China. The government defines the Hui people to include all historically Muslim communities not included in China's other ethnic groups; they are therefore distinct from other Muslim groups such as the Uyghurs.^[6] The Hui predominantly speak Chinese,^[4] while maintaining some Arabic and Persian phrases.^[7] The Hui ethnic group is unique among Chinese ethnic minorities in that it is not associated with a non-Sinitic language.^[8]

^ "By choosing assimilation, China's Hui have become one of the world's most successful Muslim minorities". The Economist. 8 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
^ "الماتريدية وآثارها في الفكر الإنساني بدول طريق الحرير.. الصين نموذجا". Alfaisal Magazine.
^ "الحنفية الماتريدية في بلاد الصين". midad.com.
^ ^a ^b Gladney 1996, p. 20.
^ Gladney 1996, p. 13 Quote: "In China, pork has been the most basic source of animal protein for centuries and Chairman Mao considered it 'a national treasure'"
^ Lipman 1997, p. xxiii or Gladney 1996, pp. 18–20 Besides the Hui people, nine other officially recognized ethnic groups of PRC are considered predominantly Muslim. Those nine groups are defined mainly on linguistic grounds: namely, six groups speaking Turkic languages (Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Salars, Tatars, Uyghurs and Uzbeks), two Mongolic-speaking groups (Bonan and Dongxiang) and one Iranian-speaking group (Tajiks).
^ Dillon 2013, pp. 154–.
^ Lipman 1997, p. 50 Of course, many members of some other Chinese ethnic minorities don't speak their ethnic group's traditional language anymore and practically no Manchu people speak the Manchu language natively anymore; but even the Manchu language is well attested historically. Meanwhile, the ancestors of today's Hui people are thought to have been predominantly native Chinese speakers of Islamic religion since no later than the mid or early Ming dynasty. [i.e. the late 14th to late 16th centuries]

[1] "By choosing assimilation, China's Hui have become one of the world's most successful Muslim minorities". The Economist. 8 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.

[2] "الماتريدية وآثارها في الفكر الإنساني بدول طريق الحرير.. الصين نموذجا". Alfaisal Magazine.

[3] "الحنفية الماتريدية في بلاد الصين". midad.com.

[FOOTNOTEGladney199620-4] Gladney 1996, p. 20.

[5] Gladney 1996, p. 13 Quote: "In China, pork has been the most basic source of animal protein for centuries and Chairman Mao considered it 'a national treasure'"

[6] Lipman 1997, p. xxiii or Gladney 1996, pp. 18–20 Besides the Hui people, nine other officially recognized ethnic groups of PRC are considered predominantly Muslim. Those nine groups are defined mainly on linguistic grounds: namely, six groups speaking Turkic languages (Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Salars, Tatars, Uyghurs and Uzbeks), two Mongolic-speaking groups (Bonan and Dongxiang) and one Iranian-speaking group (Tajiks).

[FOOTNOTEDillon2013[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid3sddAgAAQBAJpgPA154_154–]-7] Dillon 2013, pp. 154–.

[8] Lipman 1997, p. 50 Of course, many members of some other Chinese ethnic minorities don't speak their ethnic group's traditional language anymore and practically no Manchu people speak the Manchu language natively anymore; but even the Manchu language is well attested historically. Meanwhile, the ancestors of today's Hui people are thought to have been predominantly native Chinese speakers of Islamic religion since no later than the mid or early Ming dynasty. [i.e. the late 14th to late 16th centuries]

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